이달 16일 까지 홀드 안풀리고 무사히 지나갈까요?

다른 좋은 소식 접하신분 글좀 올려주세요.

불안해 죽겠어요.

아이리쉬 애들이 E-3 비자 조항을 3012에 넣으려 한답니다.
E-3는 호주인만 받을수 있으며 미국내에 직업만 있으면 받을수 있는 h-1b에 준하는 비자로서 일년에 10500개가 있다고 합니다. 배우자도 일을 할수 있다고 (배우자나 자녀는 쿼터에서 제외) 하고 영주권 신청도 가능하다네요, 직업이 있는한 연장은 2년 마다 무한정으로 할수 있답니다. 불체자도 받을수 있다는데(?) 1995년 호주-미국 FTA에서 체결되었다고 하는군요. 이번 한미 FTA에서 한국정부가 자랑스럽게 빼먹은 그것과 종류가 같은것 같읍니다.
아무튼 아이리쉬애들은 E-3 Irish를 3012에 넣어 (일년에 10500개) 같이 통과시키기 위해 매우 애를 쓰고 있다는군요. 그 이유는 원래 아이리쉬를 위해 만든 영주권 lottery programm이 없어질 위기가 가까워지고 있다고 생각는게 그 주된 이유라네요. 적지 않은숫자의 상하원 위원들이 lottery programm을 없애는데 동의하고 있답니다. 이 조항이 들어가면 자기들도 3012를 지지 할거라나 머라나 하면서…

3012가 이민법 개정을 요구하는 그룹들에게 좋은 먹잇감이 되는 분위기로 돌아가는 걸까요? 결국 난장판으로 변하는 건가요?

그래슬리위원은 이 법안에 H-1B개정안을 넣으려 한다는 소문입니다. 물론 H-1B받기가 어려운 쪽으로 바꾸려한답니다. H-1B프로그램은 만든 장본인이고, 몇년간 바꾸려고 노력을 무척 많이 했다는 군요, 그리고 그 조항이 들어가면 홀드를 풀려한다는 소문입니다.

사방이 적일세…어디 한국계 상원의원 없나요?

만약 새로운 조항이 들어가거나 내용이 바뀌면 다시 하원으로 내려가서 처음부터(표결) 시작하는것 아닌가요? 혹시 아시는 분 있으신가요?

윗님도 궁금해하시고 저도 궁금해서 찾아봤습니다.
상원에서 그래즐리의원이 바라는 H1b L1 비자를 까다롭게하는 조항이 들어가서 패스되면 이건 많이 바뀌는것이기 때문에 하원에서 다시 논의되고 상원안이랑 동일하게 조율이 되어야합니다.
아니면 법은 사장된다고해요. 이게 바라던바..

그래즐리의원 취업비자 개정하는데 몇년전부터 아주 열성적이셨던터라.. 아마 꼭 집어넣을라고 벼르고 있는것 같아요. 그대로 꼬옥 쥐고 시간좀 끌어주시면 이보다 더 고마울 일이 없겠네요.
최종시한이 딱 10일 남았는데… 시간만 빨리 가길 바랄뿐이예요.

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The Legislative Process – How a Bill Becomes a Law
Posted Aug 02, 2002

Periodically, MurthyBulletin and MurthyDotCom carry reports on pending legislation of interest to our readers. The process of making a bill into a law can be complex and intricate, involving many procedural aspects and potential variations. As a service to our readers, we take this opportunity to outline the steps necessary in the legislative process.

A piece of proposed legislation, known as a bill, is required. Any person can draft a bill, as it is simply a proposal. Frequently bills are drafted, at least in part, by various interest groups. However, only a member of Congress may formally introduce a proposal as a bill. Congress consists of two legislative bodies, the U.S. House of Representatives (House) and the U.S. Senate (Senate).

A bill can originate in either the House (designated as H.R. with a number) or the Senate (designated as S. followed by a number). Bills are of two primary types – public and private. A bill that affects the public generally is known as a public bill. A bill that affects a specified individual or private entity rather than the population at large is called a private bill. In very rare situations, a bill concerning a single individual in need of extraordinary immigration relief is introduced under the “private bill” category. The basic, step-by-step procedure in the legislative process follows.

Step 1. Introduction of the Bill and Referral to Committee

A member of Congress in either the House or the Senate introduces the bill. The person introducing the bill is known as the sponsor. An unlimited number of members may co-sponsor a bill. Once a bill has officially been introduced, it is referred to the appropriate standing committee/s in the House or Senate, according to carefully delineated rules of procedure. The committees specialize in particular types of policy and legislative matters that come before them. Within the committees, there are more specialized subcommittees. Immigration matters fall under the Judiciary committee in both the House and Senate.

Step 2. Action by Committee

The clerk of the committee to which the bill has been referred, enters it on the committee’s Legislative Calendar. The committee then decides either to refer the bill to a subcommittee or let it be considered by the committee as a whole. At this point the bill is scrutinized and examined most carefully. This is the first stage at which a bill could “die,” should a committee choose not act on it at all.

Step 3. Review by Subcommittee

Once the bill is referred to a subcommittee, it undergoes extensive study and review. The subcommittee often seeks the input of the relevant government departments and agencies. The subcommittee may also conduct one or more hearings. These hearings provide an opportunity for various public officials, experts, and other supporters and opponents of the legislation to express their views by giving testimony on the subject. Subcommittee members may question these expert witnesses on various aspects of the bill. It is required that such hearings are public unless, in the interest of national security, otherwise determined by a majority of the subcommittee.

Step 4. Mark-up

Once the hearings are completed, the subcommittee will usually consider the bill in a “mark-up” session. The bill is either (a) reported favorably to the full committee, with or without amendment, (b) reported unfavorably, or (c) reported without recommendation. The subcommittee may also decide not to report legislation to the full committee, which would effectively “kill” the legislation, as it would not move forward.

Step 5. Final Committee Action

Once the committee receives the subcommittee’s report on the bill, it may either conduct further study and review or vote on the subcommittee’s recommendations and proposed amendments, if any. The full committee then votes to determine whether it will report the bill favorably to the House or Senate, or “table” it (i.e. postpone action indefinitely).

Step 6. Reported Bills

If the committee votes to report the bill, the committee chairman instructs the committee staff members to prepare a written report on the bill. The report describes the purpose and scope of the piece of legislation – a detailed point-by-point analysis, the impact of the legislation on existing law and programs, and reasons for its recommended approval.

Step 7. Scheduling Floor Action

Once the bill has been reported to the chamber (i.e. House or Senate) where it originated, it is placed chronologically on that chamber’s calendar.

Step 8. Consideration and Debate

When the bill reaches the floor of the chamber it is opened to debate, pursuant to the rules or procedures governing debate on legislation in that chamber. These procedures determine the conditions and amount of time allocated for general debate.

Step 9. Voting

Once the debate has concluded, with possible approval of any proposed amendments, the entire chamber votes on the bill. A simple majority is usually required to pass or defeat most bills.

Step 10. Referral to Other Chamber

If the chamber that originated it passes the bill, it is then referred to the other chamber where it usually follows the same route as described above. That is, if the bill was initially submitted in the House and, thereafter, is approved by the House, it will be referred to the Senate for an identical procedure. The second chamber then may approve the legislation as received, reject it, ignore it, or approve amendments to the bill.

Step 11. Conference Committee Action

Legislation must pass both the House and the Senate in an identical form. If, after step 10, the second chamber passes the legislation in an amended form, there are two possibilities. If the amendments are minor in nature, the legislation is sent back to the first chamber for concurrence. However, if the amendments are significant, a conference committee with membership from both chambers is formed to reconcile the differences between the House and Senate. If the members of the conference committee (known as conferees) are unable to reach agreement on the proposed legislation, it dies at this point. If an agreement is reached, a conference report is prepared describing the proposed recommendations by the conference committee. Both chambers must approve this report.

Step 12. Final Action

Once both the House and the Senate have approved the bill in identical form, it is sent to the President. The President can choose to take one of the following courses of action: (a) approve the legislation and sign it, thus enacting it into law, (b) take no action for ten days while Congress is in session, in which case it automatically becomes law, or (c) oppose the legislation and veto it. If the President chooses to veto the bill, Congress may attempt to “override the veto.” Such action requires a two-thirds roll call vote of the members of both chambers. The President may also choose to “pocket veto” the bill, i.e. take no action on the bill after Congress has adjourned its second session. In case of a “pocket veto” the piece of legislation dies.

There are many other complex areas within the legislative process. Often, with “hot” areas of legislation, there are many different versions of the same bill proposed on both the House and Senate sides, simultaneously. For more information on the legislative process and legislative activity, visit Thomas, Legislative Information on the Internet. This is an informational service of the Library of Congress. Information specific to the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate is available on their respective websites.

또 다른 이민법 HR3119가 하원 커미티에 있군요 3012는 9월 22일에 나왔고, 3119는 10월 6일에 나왔읍니다.
3119에는 3012에 있는 조항 말고도 케이스가 너무 오래 걸릴 경우 체류 자격을 연장 할수 있고, 1992년에서 2011년까지 쓰지 못한 visa number를 다시 쓰자는 조항이 있읍니다.

HR140이라는 불법체류자의 자녀가 자동으로 시민권을 획득하는 것을 막는 법안도 있군요.

그밖에 S1258도 있는데 너무 길어서 (679 페이지) 읽을 엄두가 나질 않읍니다. 이민법을 거의 다 고치자는 것 같은데요…1월에 나왔지만 아직도 커미티에 있읍니다,

HR692는 직계 가족만 가족 이민이 가능 하도록 하는 법안 같읍니다.

이런걸 모두 3012에 집어 넣으려는건 아닐지…그럼 몇년 걸릴지도…쩝

아무튼 147개의 이민관련법안들이 있네요..세상에…