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최근 windows update 적용 이후 USB로 연결된 프린터들이 동작하지 않는 오류가 발생하고 있다고 합니다. 관련이 있을지 모르겠네요.
https://www.zdnet.com/article/windows-10-printer-problems-this-bug-makes-usb-printer-ports-vanish-says-microsoft/
https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/help/4566779/usb-printer-port-missing-after-disconnecting-printer-while-windows-10
You can avoid the issue by connecting a powered-on USB printer before starting Windows.